A critical factor influencing the effectiveness of DEI initiatives is how employees respond to them. Traditionally, employee responses have been overly simplified as “resistors,” who complicate or hinder DEI initiatives, or “supporters” of DEI, who facilitate their implementation. Recent research suggests employee reactions can be broken down into four categories: excited supporters, calm compliers, torn shapers, and discontented opponents. Understanding these various responses can help managers customize their approaches rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all policy

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